How Stress Impacts Thinking and Decision-Making

Stress is a natural survival response, helping us perform under pressure. But when it becomes chronic, it can disrupt brain function, decision-making, and overall well-being.

What Happens in the Brain?

In a stressful moment, hormones like cortisol and adrenaline surge. They shift the body into fight-or-flight mode—useful short-term, but harmful over time. Prolonged stress can:

• Shrink the prefrontal cortex (affecting focus and judgment)
• Enlarge the amygdala (amplifying fear and emotional reactions)
• Reduce oxygen to the brain, impairing clear thinking

Signs of Stress Overload

• Trouble sleeping or focusing
• Irritability, anger, or withdrawal
• Anxiety, restlessness, or low motivation
• Poor decision-making
• Unhealthy coping behaviors

Tips to Regain Control

• Check in with yourself: Notice mood, energy, and behavior changes
• Use healthy coping tools: Exercise, sleep, mindfulness, social support
• Stay connected: Isolation worsens stress
• Limit overload: Set boundaries, prioritize tasks
• Focus on what you can control: Let go of what you can’t
• Practice calm thinking: Pause and breathe before reacting

The good news: the brain is plastic—it can adapt and recover. By managing stress, you support your brain’s resilience, improve mental clarity, and make better decisions.